The proposed antenna array provides bore-sight gain of -15.1 dBi at 4.2 GHz and -7.5 dBi at 8.1 GHz of 54.2 MHz and 81.8 MHz, respectively. The performance of the array is characterized in terms of S-parameters, broadband gain and correlation spectra as well as the radiation patterns. The maximum linear dimension of the antenna array is λo/7.2 × λo/4.3 × λo/137. The microstrip antenna patch is consistent of rectangular part slotted with a diagonal trace and a meander trace which reduces the electrical size of the microstrip patch, when it is printed on substrate of εr = 3.5, to λo/18 × λo/5. This approach reduces the mutual coupling to -17 dB within a separation distance of 1.4 mm ≈ λo/51, where λo is the wavelength at 4.2 GHz. Moreover, the common area of the ground plane, between the two antennas, is augmented with Uniform Compact-Photonic Band Gap (UC-PBG) structures to prevent surface waves.

In this paper, the use of a diagonal slot on the microstrip patch to reflect the surface current in a direction opposite to that of the neighboring patch. The array is designed to resonate at 4.2 GHz and 8.1 GHz for biomedical micro-sensing technology and biomedical diagnostics applications, respectively. In this paper, a miniaturized microstrip antenna array with two patches is proposed for wearable MIMO systems. 3D electromagnetic simulations were performed using CST Microwave Studio 2011, with an accuracy of less than 0.1m. The consumption is around 677µW per pulse using a 1.8V power supply at 100MHz pulse repetition rate (PRR).

Post-Layout Spice circuit simulations show the generation of pulses with 94.5mVpp amplitudes and 514ps width. The transmitter circuit was designed using 180nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) – IBM (7WL_5LM_MA) process and the planar antennas were designed on FR-4 substrate.

The relative coordinates are then computed using proposed mathematical models. The technique consists in two arrays of planar antennas located at predetermined points, which serve as receptor for new portable UWB transmitter equipped with an omnidirectional planar antenna. The triangulation method here described operates on an Ultra-wideband (UWB) Timed-array module with center frequency of 4GHz. Here it is proposed a conceptual model for geographic location of points in two dimensions, by the use of triangulation.

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